The Concurrency and Coordination Runtime (CCR) is an asynchronous message-passing library for the .NET platform that provides a set of small but powerful primitives that enable a different approach to structuring applications. The effective use of the CCR will result in an application that will be more responsive, will scale better and will be more robust. The intriguing aspect about it is that it can deliver these benefits at the same time as reducing (and sometimes removing) the need for you to explicitly deal with threads (and failures on these threads), locks, mutexes and other low-level synchronization primitives.

If your application is currently single-threaded, it offers the possibility of increasing responsiveness and better utilizing the available cores, whilst retaining the conceptual simplicity of your original code-base. Alternatively, if your application is already multi-threaded, the CCR can match (and sometimes improve) your system throughput, whilst simplifying your codebase.

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Source: Concurrency